Description
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing second language (L2) assessment by enhancing both traditional methods and introducing innovative approaches. This chapter examines AI’s applications in assessing productive and receptive L2 language skills from automated speech recognition (ASR) for spoken assessments to automated essay scoring (AES) and writing evaluation (AWE). Recent advancements in generative AI (GenAI) and large language models (LLMs) have expanded opportunities for automated, scalable assessment across diverse contexts. Highlighting this, case studies from Australia, Hong Kong, and China illustrate the integration of GenAI into formative and summative assessments, highlighting strategies e.g., 6-P pedagogy and differentiated assessment practices. Despite promising developments, challenges persist, including concerns over assessment integrity, equity, and reliability across tasks and languages. To address these issues, the chapter advocates for professional development in AI literacy for educators, enabling ethical and effective integration of AI in assessment design and implementation. By fostering critical thinking, self-regulation, and inclusivity, AI has the potential to transform language education and prepare learners for real-world communication while still ensuring meaningful human involvement in assessment practices.